Heart Attack

Heart Attack

A coronary failure happens once the flow of blood to the guts is blocked. The blockage is most often a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances, which form a plaque in the arteries that feed the heart (coronary arteries).

The plaque suddenly breaks away and forms a clot. The interrupted blood flow will harm or destroy a part of the guts muscle. A heart failure, also called a myocardial infarction, can be fatal, but treatment has improved dramatically over the years

Symptoms

Common heart attack signs and symptoms include:

·         Pressure, tightness, pain, or a squeezing or aching sensation in your chest or arms that may spread to your neck, jaw or back

·         Nausea, indigestion, heartburn or abdominal pain

·         Shortness of breath

·         Cold sweat

·         Fatigue

·         Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness

Causes

A coronary failure happens once one or additional of your coronary arteries become blocked. Over time, an artery will slim from the buildup of varied substances, as well as a sterol (atherosclerosis). This condition, called arterial blood vessel illness, causes most heart attacks.
During heart failure, one amongst these plaques will rupture and spill sterol and alternative substances into the blood. A grume forms at the location of the rupture. If giant enough, the clot will block the flow of blood through the artery, starving the center muscle of O and nutrients (ischemia).
You might have an entire blockage or partial. a whole blockage means that you have had AN ST elevation MI(STEMI). A partial blockage means that you have had a non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI). Diagnostic steps and treatment can be totally different betting on that you have had.
Another reason behind a heart failure may be a spasm of an artery that shuts down blood flow to a part of the center muscle. the exploitation of tobacco and illicit medication, like cocaine, will cause a critical spasm.

Diagnosis

Baseline diagnoses are often with ECG (Electrocardiogram) and Cardiac markers (Blood tests for heart muscle cell damage) Echocardiogram, A coronary angiogram (Angiography) and some time in an emergency after angiography angioplasty needed. In physical examination, the patient feels very uncomfortable, or restless and in severe distress with increased respiratory rate. Cool and pale skin is common. Some patients have a low-grade fever; the patient may be in hypertension or hypotension, the pulse can be irregular, in heart failure cases swelling of legs and face due to peripheral edema found. Various abnormalities found in auscultation.

Treatment:

Aspirin is the baseline and primary treatment of myocardial infarction; cholesterol-lowering drugs from the statin class are used to reduce cholesterol level, blood pressure control drugs like beta blocker are given, nitrates to prevent heart attack and ace inhibitor to decrease the risk of death.

Secondary prevention:

Avoid smoking and alcohol intake, an exercise in the morning, trying to achieve a healthy weight, Avoiding spicy and junk food may prevent the heart failure.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR):

CPR OR self CPR is an emergency procedure to recover heart attack, chest compression and artificial ventilation are done to restore blood circulation and oxygenate the brain, continue CPR until the patient recover or is declared dead. Famous self coughing CPR is not recommended because it increases the work load on the heart and may be harmful.